The superior decomposition of 2,4-Dinitrophenol under ultrasound-assisted Fe₃O₄@TiO₂ magnetic nanocomposite: Process modeling and optimization, Effect of various oxidants and Degradation pathway studies

In the present study, ultrasound-assisted Fe3O4@TiO2 magnetic nanocomposite was employed to catalytic oxidation of 2,4-Dinitrophenol. The catalyst features were characterised by SEM, TEM, XRD, BET, FTIR, VSM, DLS and TGA techniques. effect operational parameters i.e. pH, amount, 2,4-Dinitrophenol concentration ultrasound power on DNP removal examined optimised in terms sono-catalytic degradation system using RSM-based CCD approach. Over 91.45% removed /US (FTU) under optimum conditions within 30 min mineralisation degree found be 73% 64.2% based COD TOC, respectively. Quenching experiments confirmed that O2•- is dominant radical species process. FTU more successful activation S2O82- than IO4? H2O2. Based GC-MS analyses, possible decomposition pathway proposed. AOS COS analyses indicated can improve bioavailability DNP. CO32? complicated other anions. could keep its performance at least 5th cycle while Fe Ti leaching negligible. for treatment real tested promising results achieved.